Content:

1. Indian Coffee Brews Global Demand
2. From Data to Diagnosis

Indian Coffee Brews Global Demand

Historical Context

• Coffee introduced to India in the 1600s by Baba Budan, a Sufi saint, who planted seeds in Karnataka’s Baba Budan Giri hills.
• Marked the beginning of India’s coffee journey, evolving into a global coffee producer.

Relevance: GS 3(Agriculture)

Global Standing and Export Growth

• India ranks 7th globally in coffee production.
• Coffee exports nearly doubled:
  • FY 2020-21: $719.42 million
  • FY 2023-24: $1.29 billion.
• Major coffee export destinations: Italy, Belgium, Russia.
• Jan 2025: Over 9,300 tonnes exported in the first half of the month.

Production Highlights

• Dominated by Arabica and Robusta beans (three-fourths of total production).
  • Export primarily as unroasted beans but increasing demand for value-added products like roasted and instant coffee.

• Top Coffee-Producing States:
  • Karnataka: 248,020 MT (2022-23).
  • Kerala: 72,425 MT (2022-23).
  • Tamil Nadu: 18,700 MT (2022-23).

• Cultivation concentrated in Western and Eastern Ghats, biodiversity hotspots with shaded plantations contributing to ecological balance.

Domestic Consumption Trends

• Growth driven by:
  • Cafe culture.
  • Higher disposable incomes.
  • Shift in drinking preferences (from tea to coffee).

• Domestic consumption increase:
  • 2012: 84,000 tonnes.
  • 2023: 91,000 tonnes.

• Rising coffee consumption observed in both urban and rural areas.

 Government Initiatives and Programs

• Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP):
  • Aims at improving yields and expanding coffee cultivation into non-traditional regions.
  • Focuses on sustainable farming practices.

• Success story:
  • Araku Valley:
    • 150,000 tribal families collaborate with Coffee Board & ITDA.
    • Production increased by 20% with support from GCC loans.
    • Highlights empowerment of communities under the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

Export and Logistical Support

• Export incentives and logistical advancements enhancing global competitiveness.
• Indian coffee positioned as a high-quality product in the international market.

Significance of Coffee Ecosystem

• Contributes to economic empowerment of rural communities.
• Preserves ecological balance through shaded plantations in biodiversity-rich areas.

From Data to Diagnosis

Introduction

• India’s healthcare is undergoing rapid digitalization due to government initiatives and technological advancements.
• Key objectives: Enhance accessibility, affordability, and efficiency of healthcare, especially for rural areas.
• Tools: Telemedicine, EHRs, AI-based diagnostics.

Relevance : GS 2(Health , Schemes)

India’s Potential in Digital Health (WEF Article)

• Global Leader Role: WEF emphasizes India’s potential to lead digital health globally.
• Key Pillars:
  • Interoperability: Standardizing data exchange between healthcare stakeholders.
  • Public-Private Partnerships: Driving innovation and scalability.
  • Affordability & Accessibility: Bridging healthcare gaps using digital tools.
  • Scalability: Positioning India’s models as global templates for healthcare equity.

Digital Healthcare Infrastructure

• Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)
  • Components: Health ID, HPR, HFR, UHI.
  • Impact: 73 crore health accounts created; focus on urban-rural healthcare parity.
  • AI Research Collaboration: IIT Kanpur & NHA for advanced AI solutions.

• Telemedicine (e-Sanjeevani)
  • Modules: OPD for patients, AB-HWC for specialists.
  • COVID-19 accelerated adoption; significant boost to rural healthcare.

• U-WIN Portal
  • Focus: Digital vaccination services for women and children.
  • Adoption: 7.43 crore beneficiaries registered by November 2024.

• Aarogya Setu App
  • Transformed into a comprehensive National Health App under ABDM.
  • Services: Scheduling appointments, e-prescriptions, lab reports, vaccination certificates.

• e-Hospital & e-BloodBank
  • A Digital India initiative for streamlining hospital workflows and blood bank management.

• Tele Mental Health Programme (Tele-MANAS)
  • Scope: Launched in 2022; operational in 36 States/UTs, handling over 17.6 lakh calls.

Policies Shaping Digital Healthcare

• National Health Policy 2017: Advocates EHRs, telemedicine, and digital health integration.
• National Health Mission (NHM): Focus on rural infrastructure and marginalized healthcare access.
• Health Data Management Policy: Emphasizes data privacy, patient consent, and secure exchange.
• National Digital Health Mission (NDHM): Aims for universal health coverage via digital health tools like UHID and PHR.
• PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM): Strengthening healthcare infrastructure with digital integration.

Future Scope

• Focus Areas:
  • AI diagnostics.
  • Blockchain-based health record systems.
  • Robust cybersecurity frameworks.

• Global Impact: India is set to establish a scalable, inclusive, and efficient digital health ecosystem, serving as a model for developing nations.