Launch: September 2024 by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).
Goal: Position India as a global leader in weather and climate science.
Focus Areas: Enhance forecasting and climate resilience in agriculture, disaster management, and rural development.
Key Institutions: India Meteorological Department (IMD), National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF).
Relevance : GS 3 (Environment, Technology )
Need for Mission Mausam:
Agrarian Economy: Erratic rainfall patterns, intensified by climate change, affect farming. Improved monsoon forecasting can help optimise sowing, irrigation, and crop yields.
Disaster Preparedness: enhanced weather predictions can help reduce casualties and economic losses during extreme weather events like cyclones and floods,.
Rural Development: Accurate weather forecasts assist in water resource management, livestock protection, and infrastructure planning.
Objectives:
Enhance weather forecasting across various timescales.
Develop high-resolution models for monsoon behavior predictions.
Infrastructure Gaps: Remote areas still lack adequate weather observation infrastructure.
Awareness Levels: Ensuring effective use of forecast data by farmers and rural communities.
The MSME Revolution
Introduction :
Recent years Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have seen a significant rise in their exports, substantialcontributions to the GDP, and an increase in the number of exporting units.
Relevance : GS 3 (Economy )
Highlights:
Rise in Exports:
MSME exports increased from ₹3.95 lakh crore in 2020-21 to ₹12.39 lakh crore in 2024-25.
The number of exporting MSMEs rose from 52,849 in 2020-21 to 1,73,350 in 2024-25.
Contributed 45.73% to exports in 2023-24, increasing to 45.79% by May 2024.
Contribution to GDP:
GVA by MSMEs in India’s GDP was 29.7% in 2017-18, rising to 30.1% in 2022-23.
Despite COVID-19 challenges, the sector sustained a 27.3% contribution in 2020-21, rebounding to 29.6% in 2021-22.