CONTENTS

1. Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan
2. Goa Maritime Symposium 2024

Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan

Context:

Recently, the Union Cabinet approved Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan (PMJUGA) for improving the socio-economic condition of tribal communities. 

Relevance:

GS II: Government Policies and Interventions

Dimensions of the Article:

1. Key Facts About the PMJUGA
2. Innovative Schemes to Promote Tribal Livelihood under PMJUGA

Key Facts About the PMJUGA:

• Centrally Sponsored Scheme: Aimed at the welfare of tribal families in tribal-majority villages and aspirational districts.
• Coverage:
  • Will be implemented across 549 districts and 2,740 blocks in tribal-majority villages.
  • Encompasses 30 States/UTs and approximately 63,000 villages, benefitting over 5 crore tribal people.
• 2011 Census Data: India’s Scheduled Tribe (ST) population stands at 10.42 crore (8.6% of the total population), comprising over 705 tribal communities.
• Objective: Focuses on addressing gaps in social infrastructure like health, education, and livelihoods through various government schemes by integrating and converging efforts.

Goals of the Mission:

• Interventions: 25 interventions will be implemented by 17 ministries under the Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST) over the next 5 years.

Developing Enabling Infrastructure:

• Housing & Amenities:
  • ST households will receive pucca housing under PMAY (Rural), along with tapped water (Jal Jeevan Mission) and electricity.
  • Ayushman Bharat cards (PMJAY) will ensure health coverage.
• Road and Digital Connectivity:
  • ST-majority villages will receive all-weather road connectivity (PMGSY), mobile access (Bharat Net), and internet services.
• Health, Education, and Nutrition:
  • Infrastructure will improve under schemes like the National Health Mission, Samagra Shiksha, and Poshan Abhiyan.
• Skill Development & Livelihood:
  • Programs for skill development, entrepreneurship, and self-employment will be implemented.
  • Marketing support for tribal products through Tribal Multipurpose Marketing Centres (TMMCs) and assistance in agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries for Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) patta holders.
• Education:
  • Efforts to increase the Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) and provide affordable education for ST students through the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan.
  • Tribal hostels will be set up at district/block levels.
• Health Initiatives:
  • Aim to meet national standards in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and improve immunization coverage through Mobile Medical Units.
• Mapping & Monitoring:
  • The tribal villages will be mapped under the PM Gati Shakti portal to identify gaps and award the best-performing districts.

Innovative Schemes to Promote Tribal Livelihood under PMJUGA:

• Tribal Home Stay:
  • To encourage tourism and alternative livelihoods, 1,000 homestays will be promoted under the Swadesh Darshan scheme.
  • Funding will be provided for 5-10 homestays, including Rs 5 lakh for new rooms, Rs 3 lakh for renovation, and Rs 5 lakh for community needs.
• Sustainable Livelihood for Forest Rights Holders:
  • Focus on 22 lakh FRA patta holders, recognizing forest rights and providing livelihoods through various government schemes.
• Improving School & Hostel Infrastructure:
  • Upgrading the infrastructure of tribal residential schools, hostels, and ashram schools to improve enrollment and retain students.
• Sickle Cell Disease Diagnosis:
  • Centers of Competence (CoC) for prenatal diagnosis will be set up in AIIMS and premier institutes in states with a high prevalence of sickle cell disease, with a budget of Rs 6 crore per CoC.
• Tribal Multipurpose Marketing Centres (TMMCs):
  • 100 TMMCs will be established to market tribal products, improve marketing infrastructure, and enhance packaging, branding, and transportation.

Goa Maritime Symposium 2024

Context:

The Indian Navy is hosting the fifth edition of the Goa Maritime Symposium at Naval War College, Goa.

Relevance:

Facts for Prelims

Goa Maritime Symposium 2024:

• Purpose:
  • The symposium serves as a platform for fostering collaborative thinking, cooperation, and mutual understanding between India and key maritime nations within the Indian Ocean Region.
• Theme for 2024:
  • The theme is Common Maritime Security Challenges in the Indian Ocean Region: Addressing issues like illegal and unregulated fishing and other illegal maritime activities by progressing collective efforts.
• Participation:
  • Representatives from 12 Indian Ocean Littoral countries will participate, including:
    • Bangladesh, Comoros, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
  • Observers will also attend from Kenya and Tanzania.

Goa Maritime Symposium (GMS):

• History:
  • Conceptualized and initiated by the Indian Navy in 2016.
• Objective:
  • A platform for fostering cooperation and enhancing mutual understanding between India and key maritime nations of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
• Frequency:
  • The symposium is conducted biennially by the Naval War College (NWC) in Goa.