Content

1. Hamara Samvidhan- Hamara Swabhiman Campaign
2. National Milk Day

Hamara Samvidhan- Hamara Swabhiman Campaign

Why in News?

• Government launched the next phase of its nationwide constitutional outreach: “Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Swabhiman” on 24 Jan 2025, building on the year-long 2024–25 “Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Samman” campaign.
• Part of DISHA Scheme (2021–26); aims to deepen constitutional literacy, legal empowerment, and citizen engagement.
• Reported 1+ crore citizens, 13,700+ events, and outreach to 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats.

Relevance

GS2 – Governance, Polity, Social Justice

• Constitutional values dissemination
• Access to justice architecture
• Legal empowerment of marginalised groups
• Role of digital governance (MyGov, Tele-Law)

26 November – Constitution Day (Samvidhan Diwas)

• Marks adoption of the Constitution on 26 Nov 1949; came into force on 26 Jan 1950.
• Instituted in 2015 to promote constitutional literacy, duties, values.
• Celebrated nationwide through Preamble reading, legal awareness drives, school programmes, and MyGov campaigns.
• Reinforces core ideals: justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, constitutional morality, and democratic citizenship.
• 75th Constitution Day (2024–25) – 75 Years of Adoption

Basics

Purpose

• Create mass awareness of Constitution & legal rights.
• Strengthen last-mile access to justice via DISHA (Tele-Law, Nyaya Bandhu, legal literacy).
• Instill pride, duty consciousness, constitutional nationalism.

Timeline

• 24 Jan 2024: Launch of Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Samman.
• 24 Jan 2025: Transition to Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Swabhiman.

Associated Scheme

• DISHA (2021–26): National legal empowerment framework
  • Tele-Law
  • Nyaya Bandhu (Pro Bono)
  • Legal Literacy & Awareness Programmes

Objectives

• Create permanent public memory markers for the Constitution.
• Deepen legal-literacy, especially among marginalised groups.
• Highlight Constituent Assembly’s work.
• Promote Panch Pran values.
• Build pride in India’s constitutional journey towards Viksit Bharat 2047.

Major Components of the Campaign

A.Sabko Nyay – Har Ghar Nyaya

Aim: Grassroots access to justice.

Key Elements

• Panch Pran Pledge
  • Development-first mindset
  • Removal of servile mentality
  • Pride in heritage
  • Unity & integrity
  • Duty consciousness
• Nyaya Seva Mela
  • Held in 25 States/UTs
  • Tele-Law books, Voice of Beneficiaries editions, field functionaries’ felicitation
  • Reached 84.6 lakh+ citizens
• Nyaya Sahayak Model
  • Community legal messengers
  • 14,598+ cases registered
  • Vidhi Baithaks at village/block level
  • Participation: Anganwadi, SHGs, SMCs, Panchayats

B. Nav Bharat Nav Sankalp

Aim: Youth engagement via MyGov.
Activities: Pledge-taking, quizzes, contests, idea generation linked to Panch Pran & Constitution.

C. Vidhi Jagriti Abhiyaan

Aim: Deepening legal awareness among rural & marginalised communities.

Key Initiatives

• Gram Vidhi Chetna
  • Student-led village legal literacy events
  • 10,000+ beneficiaries
• Vanchit Varg Samman Abhiyaan
  • With IGNOU & Doordarshan
  • Legal protections for: children, women, SCs, PwDs, transgender community, senior citizens
• Nari Bhagidari
  • Gender rights webinars & village-level programmes (NLSIU, NLU, VIPS etc.)
  • Focus on crimes against women, social protections

Impact 

• 1 crore+ citizens reached
• 13,700+ nationwide events
• 2.5 lakh+ Gram Panchayats involved
• 14,598+ cases supported via Nyaya Sahayaks
• 84.6 lakh+ digital outreach through Tele-Law awareness
• 10,000+ direct beneficiaries in Gram Vidhi Chetna
• Massive youth engagement through MyGov pledges/quizzes

Analytical Assessment

Strengths

• Largest constitutional outreach ever undertaken in India.
• Bridges gap between legal awareness & actual legal access.
• Digital + grassroots hybrid model ensures inclusivity.
• Constitutes a behavioural-change campaign—pride, duties, civic values.
• Strong alignment with Viksit Bharat 2047 narrative and citizen-state partnership.

Challenges

• Sustaining momentum beyond campaign cycles.
• Need for institutionalisation at school/university level.
• Digital divide may limit remote-area engagement.
• Measuring quality of legal empowerment, not just participation.

Opportunities

• Can evolve into a permanent constitutional literacy mission.
• Integration with NEP 2020 modules: civic education, legal literacy.
• Scale-up of Tele-Law/Pro Bono ecosystems.
• Building grassroots constitutional culture akin to civic republicanism models (US, EU).

Conclusion

• Demonstrated India’s largest-ever constitutional outreach, embedding constitutional literacy from grassroots to digital platforms.
• Shifted public engagement from mere awareness to active participation, legal empowerment, and constitutional pride.

National Milk Day

Why is it in News?

• Observed annually on 26 November; 2025 marks National Milk Day with major policy pushes in dairy (GST reform, White Revolution 2.0).
• PIB (25 Nov 2025) released a comprehensive status report on India’s dairy sector.
• Announcement of Gopal Ratna Awards 2025; new infrastructure and cooperative expansions highlighted.

Relevance

GS3 – Economy / Agriculture

• Dairy as a 5% of GDP contributor; core to rural livelihoods and agri-value chains.
• Policy interventions: GST reform (2025), White Revolution 2.0, NPDD, RGM → productivity, processing capacity, cooperative strengthening.
• Importance for food security, nutrition, women-led growth, and export potential.

GS2 – Governance / Welfare Delivery

• Cooperative federalism via NDDB, State Federations, MPOs; expansion of doorstep breeding, veterinary, AI services.
• Inclusion of women (70% workforce) and marginal farmers through targeted schemes.
• Institutional strengthening: digital databases, village labs, MAITRIs, disease eradication roadmap.

Basics

• Celebrated on birth anniversary of Dr. Verghese Kurien, architect of India’s White Revolution.
• Purpose: honour dairy farmers, strengthen cooperative spirit, spread awareness on nutrition and dairy-led livelihoods.
• India is the world’s largest milk producer (≈25% of global supply), contributing ~5% of GDP; 8 crore farmers engaged.

India’s Dairy Significance

• Essential source of protein, calcium, micronutrients; near-complete food.
• Dairy = backbone of rural economy, especially for small/marginal farmers.
• 70% of dairy workforce are women, making it a major gender-inclusive sector.

Historical Evolution

• 1950s–60s: Low productivity, milk deficit, import-dependent; production CAGR collapsed to 1.15%.
• Anand/Amul model under Sardar Patel, Tribhuvandas Patel → foundation of cooperative success.
• NDDB (1965) under Kurien → mission to replicate the cooperative model nationally.
• Operation Flood (1970–96): transformed India into a milk-surplus nation; NDDB declared Institution of National Importance (1987).

Decadal Performance (2014–2025)

• Milk output rose from 146.3 MT (2014-15) → 239.3 MT (2023-24) (63.56% rise).
• Per-capita availability jumped 124 g/day → 471 g/day.
• Bovine population: 303.76 million; productivity up 27.39% (global avg. 13.97%).
• Indigenous breeds’ milk: 29 MT → 50 MT.
• Rise in milch animals: 86 million → 112 million.

Key Drivers of Growth

• Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM)
  • Budget raised to ₹3,400 crore (2021–26 cycle).
  • Focus on genetic improvement, semen stations, sex-sorted semen.
  • 92 million animals covered, benefitting 56 million farmers.
• Artificial Insemination & NAIP
  • Coverage still low (33% of breedable bovines).
  • 14.12 crore inseminations, 9.16 crore animals reached.
  • 22 IVF labs, 1 crore+ sex-sorted semen doses.
• MAITRIs
  • 38,736 technicians deployed; doorstep breeding/veterinary services.
• Progeny Testing
  • 3,747 bulls tested; 132 breed multiplication farms approved.

National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD)

• Strengthens procurement, processing, chilling, marketing.
• 31,908 dairy cooperatives organised/revived.
• 17.63 lakh new producers added; procurement up by 120.68 lakh kg/day.
• 61,677 village labs, ~6,000 bulk coolers, 279 plant labs upgraded.
• Large new plants: Mehsana, Indore, Bhilwara, Karimnagar; Chittoor (₹219 crore).

Cooperative Dairy Ecosystem

• 22 federations, 241 unions, 25 MPOs; coverage: 2.35 lakh villages, 1.72 crore farmers.
• Women: 70% workforce, 35% cooperative membership; 48,000 women-led cooperatives, 16 all-women MPOs.
• Shreeja MPO (AP) → global award recognition.

GST Reforms (56th GST Council, 2025)

• Effective 22 Sep 2025.
• UHT milk & packaged paneer → GST 0%.
• Butter, ghee, cheese, condensed milk, milk beverages → 12% → 5%.
• Ice cream 18% → 5%.
• Milk cans 12% → 5%.
• Impact: lowers cost, boosts demand, strengthens supply chain, benefits 8 crore rural households.

White Revolution 2.0 (2024–29)

• 75,000 new cooperatives to be created; 46,422 existing strengthened.
• Focus on: procurement expansion (target 1007 lakh kg/day), women’s participation, sustainability.
• Creation of three MSCS for feed, organic manure/circular economy, and animal by-product management.

Infrastructure Expansion

• Sabar Dairy Plant, Rohtak (₹350 cr)
  • India’s largest plant for curd, buttermilk, yoghurt.
  • Supports NCR demand; empowers farmers across 9 states.

Future Outlook (2025–30)

• India to supply 32% of global milk (2025-26).
• Milk output projected: 242 MT (2026).
• Cattle population share rising 35% → 36%.
• Processing capacity target: 100 million litres/day by 2028–29.
• FMD & Brucellosis eradication by 2030 through free vaccines.
• Pashudhan digital database for precise planning.
• Export potential expected to rise significantly.

Recognition and Awards

• National Gopal Ratna Awards 2025 announced.
• Categories: Best farmers (indigenous), best cooperatives/MPOs, best AI technicians.
• Prizes: ₹5 lakh / ₹3 lakh / ₹2 lakh.

Conclusion

• India’s dairy sector has evolved from scarcity to global leadership through cooperative strength, scientific breeding, and sustained reforms.
• National Milk Day 2025 reflects this transformation—rising productivity, strengthened infrastructure, women-led expansion, and wide-ranging fiscal reforms.
• The next phase (White Revolution 2.0) aims to elevate India from being the largest producer to becoming a major global dairy exporter, ensuring inclusive, resilient, and sustainable rural growth.